Domestic/dating violence and firearms can be a lethal combination. Many hundreds of women are murdered annually by current or former male intimate partners with firearms (Violence Policy Center, When men murder women: an analysis of 2017 homicide data. Retrieved from http://vpc.org/studies/wmmw2018.pdf, 2019). Firearms are also a powerful tool of coercive control; millions of American women alive today have been threatened by intimate partners with firearms during their lifetimes (Sorenson and Schut, Nonfatal gun use in intimate partner violence: a systematic review of the literature. Trauma Violence Abuse 19(4):431–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016668589, 2016; Tjaden and Thoennes, Extent, nature, and consequences of intimate partner violence: findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey. Report no NCJ 181867. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC, 2000). Although intimate partner violence impacts people of all genders, approximately 85% of victims are women (Catalano, Intimate partner violence, 1993–2010. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ipv9310.pdf, 2015). When coupled with the fact that most intimate partner homicides committed by women against men do not involve firearms (Cooper and Smith, Homicide trends in the United States, 1980–2008. Retrieved from http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/htus8008.pdf, 2011), this means that research about firearm-involved domestic violence committed by women against men is limited. Research about the use of firearms in same-sex relationships is also scarce, although it is known that firearms are more likely to be used in opposite-sex intimate partner homicides than in same-sex intimate partner homicides (Mize and Shackelford, Intimate partner homicide methods in heterosexual, gay, and lesbian relationships. Violence Vict 23(1):98–114, 2008). The US federal government and many state governments have taken important steps to protect victims and survivors from abusers with firearms, including prohibiting certain domestic violence misdemeanants and protection order respondents from purchasing or possessing firearms (Disarm Domestic Violence, State-by-state. Retrieved from https://www.disarmdv.org/state-by-state/, 2018; Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Browse gun laws. Retrieved from https://lawcenter.giffords.org/browse-gun-laws/, 2018; 18 U.S.C. 922(g)(8) and (9)). Although the current laws in America provide vital protections, more needs to be done to keep firearms out of the hands of abusive intimate partners. This chapter discusses firearm violence in domestic violence cases from a national viewpoint, looking first at what firearms violence looks like in domestic violence cases and how it relates to homicides, based on statistical and research analyses. Next, this chapter outlines and analyzes the US federal laws that cover firearms and domestic violence and how state laws underpin those firearms prohibitions. We then review the federal databases involved in enforcing these laws, particularly in terms of the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). Finally, we look at commonly reported obstacles to enforcement of these laws and enumerate the policy changes needed to make enforcement of existing laws more effective. We outline ways to close gaps in the laws that leave certain survivors of domestic violence unprotected from firearms violence, including by making improvements to existing federal firearms laws and enforcement protocols that appear in the H.R.1585, the bill passed in early April 2019 by the US House of Representatives with strong bipartisan support to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act, and its Senate companion bill, S.2843. (Authors' abstract). Record #7551