Published July 2023

The Government asked the New Zealand Productivity Commission | Te Kōmihana Whai Hua o Aotearoa to undertake an inquiry into economic inclusion and social mobility, with a focus on supporting people experiencing persistent disadvantage to live better lives – A Fair Chance for All inquiry. 

Part of the Terms of Reference for the inquiry noted that there is limited understanding of how trends in economic inclusion and social mobility impact on individuals, different population groups and wider society; and their dynamics across lifetimes and generations.

This report helps to fill this gap. It should be read alongside our final inquiry report – A Fair Chance for All: Breaking the cycle of persistent disadvantage.

The analysis takes a novel approach, linking data across two Censuses and two national surveys to measure persistent disadvantage in working age households across three domains: income poverty, deprivation and exclusion.

The report estimates the scale of persistent disadvantage in New Zealand across these three domains, and examines who is more likely to experience it. (From the website). Record #8331